Tubes
SS 304 / 304L
Overview:
ASTM Standards: ASTM A249, ASTM A269
SS 304/304L is the most widely used austenitic stainless-steel grade, offering excellent corrosion resistance, formability, and weldability for a broad range of industrial and process applications.
Primary Applications — SS 304 / 304L:
- Food & Beverage Processing: Ideal for dairy lines, juice processing, and hygienic piping due to excellent cleanability.
- Pharmaceutical: General service process piping for non-sterile and utility lines.
- Sugar Industry: Evaporators, juice heaters, and inter-stage piping.
- Architectural & Construction: Handrails, structural cladding, and support frameworks.
- Kitchen & Home Appliances: Durable, easy-to-clean surfaces for equipment manufacturing.
Mechanical Properties — SS 304 / 304L:
|
Property
|
304
|
304L
|
|---|---|---|
|
515 MPa
|
485 MPa
|
|
|
Yield Strength (min, 0.2% offset)
|
||
|
Elongation (min, in 50 mm)
|
40%
|
40%
|
|
Hardness (max, Rockwell B)
|
92 HRB
|
92 HRB
|
Chemical Composition — SS 304 / 304L (%):
|
Element
|
Grade 304 (%)
|
Grade 304L (%)
|
|---|---|---|
|
Carbon (C)
|
0.08 max
|
0.03 max
|
|
Chromium (Cr)
|
18.0 – 20.0
|
18.0 – 20.0
|
|
Nickel (Ni)
|
8.0 – 11.0
|
8.0 – 12.0
|
|
Manganese (Mn)
|
2.0 max
|
2.0 max
|
|
Silicon (Si)
|
0.75 max
|
0.75 max
|
|
Phosphorus (P)
|
0.045 max
|
0.045 max
|
|
Sulphur (S)
|
0.030 max
|
0.030 max
|
SS 316 / 316L
ASTM Standards: ASTM A249, ASTM A269, ASTM A312
Overview:
SS 316/316L is the premium molybdenum-bearing austenitic grade, offering superior resistance to chloride-induced pitting and crevice corrosion. It is the global standard for pharmaceutical process circuits, chemical lines, and marine environments.
Primary Applications — SS 316 / 316L:
- Pharmaceutical & Biotech: The global standard for high-purity process circuits, WFI (Water for Injection) loops, and sterile distribution lines.
- Chemical Processing: Piping systems for aggressive acids including acetic, sulphuric, and phosphoric acids.
- Food & Beverage: High-salt food production, high-temperature pasteurisation, and CIP (Clean-In-Place) systems.
- Heat Exchangers: Shell-and-tube heat exchangers requiring superior creep resistance under thermal stress.
- Marine & Coastal Engineering: Piping systems exposed to saline environments and chloride-rich media.
Mechanical Properties — SS 316 / 316L:
|
Property
|
316
|
316L
|
|---|---|---|
|
Tensile Strength (min)
|
515 MPa
|
485 MPa
|
|
Yield Strength (min, 0.2% offset)
|
205 MPa
|
170 MPa
|
|
Elongation (min, in 50 mm)
|
40%
|
40%
|
|
Hardness (max, Rockwell B)
|
95 HRB
|
95 HRB
|
Chemical Composition — SS 316 / 316L (%):
|
Element
|
Grade 316 (%)
|
Grade 316L (%)
|
|---|---|---|
|
Carbon (C)
|
0.08 max
|
0.03 max
|
|
Chromium (Cr)
|
18.0 – 20.0
|
16.0 – 18.0
|
|
Nickel (Ni)
|
10.0 – 14.0
|
10.0 – 14.0
|
|
Molybdenum (Mo)
|
2.0 – 3.0
|
2.0 – 3.0
|
|
Manganese (Mn)
|
2.0 max
|
2.0 max
|
|
Nitrogen (N)
|
0.10 max
|
0.10 max
|
|
Carbon
|
(standard)
|
Low carbon — prevents sensitisation during welding
|
SS 439 (Ferritic Stainless Steel)
ASTM Standard: ASTM A268
Overview: SS 439 is a Titanium-stabilised ferritic stainless steel engineered for high thermal stress and corrosive environments where a cost-effective, magnetic-grade solution is preferred over austenitic alternatives.
Primary Applications — SS 439:
- Sugar Mill Vacuum Pans: Highly effective for tube bundles and condenser service.
- Heat Exchangers: Superior thermal conductivity and oxidation resistance.
- Automotive Exhausts: Resistant to cyclic thermal stress up to 900°C.
- HVAC Systems: Residential and industrial heating equipment.
- Household Appliances: Washing machine components and water heaters.
Mechanical Properties — SS 439:
|
Property
|
Value
|
|---|---|
|
Tensile Strength (min)
|
415 MPa
|
|
Yield Strength (min, 0.2% offset)
|
205 MPa
|
|
Elongation (min, in 50 mm)
|
22%
|
|
Hardness (max, Rockwell B)
|
89 HRB
|
Chemical Composition — SS 439 (%):
|
Element
|
SS 439 (%)
|
|---|---|
|
Carbon (C)
|
0.03 max
|
|
Chromium (Cr)
|
17.0 – 19.0
|
|
Titanium (Ti)
|
[0.20 + 4(C+N)] min to 1.10 max
|
|
Nickel (Ni)
|
0.50 max
|
|
Manganese (Mn)
|
1.0 max
|
|
Silicon (Si)
|
1.00 max
|
GET IN TOUCH
CONTACT INFO
- 6-Km Manga - Raiwind Road, Wara Kumharan, Raiwind
- sales@ghalibgroup.com
- +92 321 9432136